BEGIN; BEGIN EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS) select n_name, sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue from customer, orders, lineitem, supplier, nation, region where c_custkey = o_custkey and l_orderkey = o_orderkey and l_suppkey = s_suppkey and c_nationkey = s_nationkey and s_nationkey = n_nationkey and n_regionkey = r_regionkey and r_name = 'MIDDLE EAST' and o_orderdate >= date '1996-01-01' and o_orderdate < date '1996-01-01' + interval '1 year' group by n_name order by revenue desc; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sort (cost=2437583.26..2437583.32 rows=25 width=34) (actual time=75425.521..75425.522 rows=5 loops=1) Sort Key: (sum((lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1::double precision - lineitem.l_discount)))) Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 25kB Buffers: shared hit=772607 read=710053 dirtied=3 written=1839 -> HashAggregate (cost=2437582.43..2437582.68 rows=25 width=34) (actual time=75425.460..75425.465 rows=5 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=772604 read=710053 dirtied=3 written=1839 -> Hash Join (cost=401918.28..2436846.30 rows=73613 width=34) (actual time=11303.679..75244.032 rows=72681 loops=1) Hash Cond: ((lineitem.l_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey) AND (customer.c_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey)) Buffers: shared hit=772604 read=710053 dirtied=3 written=1839 -> Hash Join (cost=397239.28..2394585.07 rows=1842305 width=46) (actual time=11213.725..71490.153 rows=1824518 loops=1) Hash Cond: (lineitem.l_orderkey = orders.o_orderkey) Buffers: shared hit=772598 read=707877 dirtied=3 written=1839 -> Seq Scan on lineitem (cost=0.00..1676900.50 rows=60404450 width=16) (actual time=0.019..18236.144 rows=59984909 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=407074 read=665782 written=13 -> Hash (cost=391480.62..391480.62 rows=460693 width=38) (actual time=11213.198..11213.198 rows=456103 loops=1) Buckets: 65536 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 32070kB Buffers: shared hit=365524 read=42095 dirtied=3 written=1826 -> Hash Join (cost=88642.70..391480.62 rows=460693 width=38) (actual time=1866.501..10754.622 rows=456103 loops=1) Hash Cond: (orders.o_custkey = customer.c_custkey) Buffers: shared hit=365524 read=42095 dirtied=3 written=1826 -> Bitmap Heap Scan on orders (cost=49600.48..339193.47 rows=2303466 width=8) (actual time=991.134..4701.562 rows=2281755 loops=1) Recheck Cond: ((o_orderdate >= '1996-01-01'::date) AND (o_orderdate < '1997-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone)) Buffers: shared hit=220198 read=41264 dirtied=3 written=1826 -> Bitmap Index Scan on orders_o_orderdate_o_orderkey_idx (cost=0.00..49024.61 rows=2303466 width=0) (actual time=901.009..901.009 rows=2297642 loops=1) Index Cond: ((o_orderdate >= '1996-01-01'::date) AND (o_orderdate < '1997-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone)) Buffers: shared read=6438 -> Hash (cost=35292.22..35292.22 rows=300000 width=38) (actual time=874.103..874.103 rows=299838 loops=1) Buckets: 32768 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 21083kB Buffers: shared hit=145326 read=831 -> Nested Loop (cost=905.09..35292.22 rows=300000 width=38) (actual time=18.935..767.601 rows=299838 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=145326 read=831 -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..14.07 rows=5 width=30) (actual time=0.056..0.128 rows=5 loops=1) Join Filter: (nation.n_regionkey = region.r_regionkey) Rows Removed by Join Filter: 20 Buffers: shared hit=3 -> Index Scan using pk_nation on nation (cost=0.00..12.63 rows=25 width=34) (actual time=0.016..0.047 rows=25 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=2 -> Materialize (cost=0.00..1.07 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.001..0.002 rows=1 loops=25) Buffers: shared hit=1 -> Seq Scan on region (cost=0.00..1.06 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.022..0.022 rows=1 loops=1) Filter: (r_name = 'MIDDLE EAST'::bpchar) Rows Removed by Filter: 4 Buffers: shared hit=1 -> Bitmap Heap Scan on customer (cost=905.09..6455.63 rows=60000 width=8) (actual time=19.946..138.553 rows=59968 loops=5) Recheck Cond: (c_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey) Buffers: shared hit=145323 read=831 -> Bitmap Index Scan on customer_c_nationkey_c_custkey_idx (cost=0.00..890.09 rows=60000 width=0) (actual time=13.211..13.211 rows=59968 loops=5) Index Cond: (c_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey) Buffers: shared hit=6 read=831 -> Hash (cost=3179.00..3179.00 rows=100000 width=8) (actual time=88.246..88.246 rows=100000 loops=1) Buckets: 16384 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 3907kB Buffers: shared hit=3 read=2176 -> Seq Scan on supplier (cost=0.00..3179.00 rows=100000 width=8) (actual time=0.010..62.632 rows=100000 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=3 read=2176 Total runtime: 75440.726 ms (55 rows) COMMIT; COMMIT