BEGIN; BEGIN EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS) select n_name, sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue from customer, orders, lineitem, supplier, nation, region where c_custkey = o_custkey and l_orderkey = o_orderkey and l_suppkey = s_suppkey and c_nationkey = s_nationkey and s_nationkey = n_nationkey and n_regionkey = r_regionkey and r_name = 'MIDDLE EAST' and o_orderdate >= date '1997-01-01' and o_orderdate < date '1997-01-01' + interval '1 year' group by n_name order by revenue desc; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sort (cost=2428216.17..2428216.23 rows=25 width=34) (actual time=79260.592..79260.593 rows=5 loops=1) Sort Key: (sum((lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1::double precision - lineitem.l_discount)))) Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 25kB Buffers: shared hit=839351 read=639141 dirtied=3 written=3 -> HashAggregate (cost=2428215.34..2428215.59 rows=25 width=34) (actual time=79260.454..79260.458 rows=5 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=839348 read=639141 dirtied=3 written=3 -> Hash Join (cost=399115.29..2427488.19 rows=72715 width=34) (actual time=14202.797..79082.954 rows=72990 loops=1) Hash Cond: ((lineitem.l_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey) AND (customer.c_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey)) Buffers: shared hit=839348 read=639141 dirtied=3 written=3 -> Hash Join (cost=394436.29..2385676.44 rows=1820280 width=46) (actual time=14116.714..74867.361 rows=1820773 loops=1) Hash Cond: (lineitem.l_orderkey = orders.o_orderkey) Buffers: shared hit=837166 read=639141 dirtied=3 written=3 -> Seq Scan on lineitem (cost=0.00..1671913.57 rows=60224757 width=16) (actual time=0.020..19284.798 rows=60045303 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=466875 read=602791 dirtied=3 written=3 -> Hash (cost=388746.51..388746.51 rows=455183 width=38) (actual time=14116.079..14116.079 rows=455272 loops=1) Buckets: 65536 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 32012kB Buffers: shared hit=370291 read=36350 -> Hash Join (cost=87240.25..388746.51 rows=455183 width=38) (actual time=3272.465..13754.587 rows=455272 loops=1) Hash Cond: (orders.o_custkey = customer.c_custkey) Buffers: shared hit=370291 read=36350 -> Bitmap Heap Scan on orders (cost=48198.03..336617.77 rows=2275916 width=8) (actual time=1829.507..5700.328 rows=2277945 loops=1) Recheck Cond: ((o_orderdate >= '1997-01-01'::date) AND (o_orderdate < '1998-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone)) Buffers: shared hit=225013 read=35471 -> Bitmap Index Scan on orders_o_orderdate_o_orderkey_idx (cost=0.00..47629.06 rows=2275916 width=0) (actual time=1723.322..1723.322 rows=2284771 loops=1) Index Cond: ((o_orderdate >= '1997-01-01'::date) AND (o_orderdate < '1998-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone)) Buffers: shared read=6221 -> Hash (cost=35292.22..35292.22 rows=300000 width=38) (actual time=1442.688..1442.688 rows=299838 loops=1) Buckets: 32768 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 21083kB Buffers: shared hit=145278 read=879 -> Nested Loop (cost=905.09..35292.22 rows=300000 width=38) (actual time=23.104..1244.287 rows=299838 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=145278 read=879 -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..14.07 rows=5 width=30) (actual time=0.051..0.167 rows=5 loops=1) Join Filter: (nation.n_regionkey = region.r_regionkey) Rows Removed by Join Filter: 20 Buffers: shared hit=3 -> Index Scan using pk_nation on nation (cost=0.00..12.63 rows=25 width=34) (actual time=0.009..0.053 rows=25 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=2 -> Materialize (cost=0.00..1.07 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.002..0.002 rows=1 loops=25) Buffers: shared hit=1 -> Seq Scan on region (cost=0.00..1.06 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.022..0.022 rows=1 loops=1) Filter: (r_name = 'MIDDLE EAST'::bpchar) Rows Removed by Filter: 4 Buffers: shared hit=1 -> Bitmap Heap Scan on customer (cost=905.09..6455.63 rows=60000 width=8) (actual time=32.572..225.975 rows=59968 loops=5) Recheck Cond: (c_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey) Buffers: shared hit=145275 read=879 -> Bitmap Index Scan on customer_c_nationkey_c_custkey_idx (cost=0.00..890.09 rows=60000 width=0) (actual time=23.409..23.409 rows=59968 loops=5) Index Cond: (c_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey) Buffers: shared hit=6 read=831 -> Hash (cost=3179.00..3179.00 rows=100000 width=8) (actual time=85.468..85.468 rows=100000 loops=1) Buckets: 16384 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 3907kB Buffers: shared hit=2179 -> Seq Scan on supplier (cost=0.00..3179.00 rows=100000 width=8) (actual time=0.015..56.294 rows=100000 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=2179 Total runtime: 79274.388 ms (55 rows) COMMIT; COMMIT