BEGIN; BEGIN EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS) select n_name, sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue from customer, orders, lineitem, supplier, nation, region where c_custkey = o_custkey and l_orderkey = o_orderkey and l_suppkey = s_suppkey and c_nationkey = s_nationkey and s_nationkey = n_nationkey and n_regionkey = r_regionkey and r_name = 'EUROPE' and o_orderdate >= date '1997-01-01' and o_orderdate < date '1997-01-01' + interval '1 year' group by n_name order by revenue desc; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sort (cost=2429209.79..2429209.85 rows=25 width=34) (actual time=96574.759..96574.760 rows=5 loops=1) Sort Key: (sum((lineitem.l_extendedprice * (1::double precision - lineitem.l_discount)))) Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 25kB Buffers: shared hit=1211518 read=267192 dirtied=34 written=1831 -> HashAggregate (cost=2429208.96..2429209.21 rows=25 width=34) (actual time=96574.681..96574.685 rows=5 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=1211515 read=267192 dirtied=34 written=1831 -> Hash Join (cost=399508.52..2428477.86 rows=73110 width=34) (actual time=19873.411..96356.996 rows=73070 loops=1) Hash Cond: ((lineitem.l_suppkey = supplier.s_suppkey) AND (customer.c_nationkey = supplier.s_nationkey)) Buffers: shared hit=1211515 read=267192 dirtied=34 written=1831 -> Hash Join (cost=394829.52..2386513.28 rows=1827724 width=46) (actual time=19706.033..91981.836 rows=1825307 loops=1) Hash Cond: (lineitem.l_orderkey = orders.o_orderkey) Buffers: shared hit=1209333 read=267192 dirtied=34 written=1831 -> Seq Scan on lineitem (cost=0.00..1672225.34 rows=60236234 width=16) (actual time=0.062..24122.285 rows=59985781 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=862979 read=206884 -> Hash (cost=389117.54..389117.54 rows=456958 width=38) (actual time=19704.567..19704.567 rows=457062 loops=1) Buckets: 65536 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 32138kB Buffers: shared hit=346354 read=60308 dirtied=34 written=1831 -> Hash Join (cost=87427.19..389117.54 rows=456958 width=38) (actual time=5095.932..19168.328 rows=457062 loops=1) Hash Cond: (orders.o_custkey = customer.c_custkey) Buffers: shared hit=346354 read=60308 dirtied=34 written=1831 -> Bitmap Heap Scan on orders (cost=48384.97..336937.79 rows=2284788 width=8) (actual time=2101.638..8484.979 rows=2275706 loops=1) Recheck Cond: ((o_orderdate >= '1997-01-01'::date) AND (o_orderdate < '1998-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone)) Buffers: shared hit=236283 read=24201 dirtied=34 written=1831 -> Bitmap Index Scan on orders_o_orderdate_o_orderkey_idx (cost=0.00..47813.78 rows=2284788 width=0) (actual time=1909.713..1909.713 rows=2284771 loops=1) Index Cond: ((o_orderdate >= '1997-01-01'::date) AND (o_orderdate < '1998-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp without time zone)) Buffers: shared read=6221 written=479 -> Hash (cost=35292.22..35292.22 rows=300000 width=38) (actual time=2993.824..2993.824 rows=300963 loops=1) Buckets: 32768 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 21162kB Buffers: shared hit=110071 read=36107 -> Nested Loop (cost=905.09..35292.22 rows=300000 width=38) (actual time=54.403..2745.255 rows=300963 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=110071 read=36107 -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..14.07 rows=5 width=30) (actual time=0.073..0.220 rows=5 loops=1) Join Filter: (nation.n_regionkey = region.r_regionkey) Rows Removed by Join Filter: 20 Buffers: shared hit=3 -> Index Scan using pk_nation on nation (cost=0.00..12.63 rows=25 width=34) (actual time=0.015..0.082 rows=25 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=2 -> Materialize (cost=0.00..1.07 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.002..0.003 rows=1 loops=25) Buffers: shared hit=1 -> Seq Scan on region (cost=0.00..1.06 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.029..0.030 rows=1 loops=1) Filter: (r_name = 'EUROPE'::bpchar) Rows Removed by Filter: 4 Buffers: shared hit=1 -> Bitmap Heap Scan on customer (cost=905.09..6455.63 rows=60000 width=8) (actual time=39.042..522.922 rows=60193 loops=5) Recheck Cond: (c_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey) Buffers: shared hit=110068 read=36107 -> Bitmap Index Scan on customer_c_nationkey_c_custkey_idx (cost=0.00..890.09 rows=60000 width=0) (actual time=26.531..26.531 rows=60193 loops=5) Index Cond: (c_nationkey = nation.n_nationkey) Buffers: shared hit=6 read=833 -> Hash (cost=3179.00..3179.00 rows=100000 width=8) (actual time=166.493..166.493 rows=100000 loops=1) Buckets: 16384 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 3907kB Buffers: shared hit=2179 -> Seq Scan on supplier (cost=0.00..3179.00 rows=100000 width=8) (actual time=0.017..117.749 rows=100000 loops=1) Buffers: shared hit=2179 Total runtime: 96606.487 ms (55 rows) COMMIT; COMMIT